同一賃金、賞与も焦点 「パートに支給」なお４割どまり
同じ仕事に同じ賃金を支払う「同一労働同一賃金」の議論で、賞与が新たな焦点になっている。政府は昨年末出した指針で、非正規社員にも賞与を支払うよう言及。連合も今回の春季労使交渉で賞与も含めた非正規の処遇改善を求めた。主に正社員が支給対象の賞与が格差を広げる要因との見方からだが実現のハードルは高い。（中略）
政府は「同一労働同一賃金」の実現をめざすため、正社員と非正規の格差縮小を掲げている。労働政策研究・研修機構（ＪＩＬＰＴ）によると、日本の非正規の所定内給与は正社員の56.6％。これを欧州並みの７～８割まで上げる目標だ。
（2017.3.13 日本経済新聞）
昨年末に公表された「同一労働同一賃金ガイドライン案」では、非正規社員の賞与について以下のように明記しています。
「賞与について、会社の業績等への貢献に応じて支給しようとする場合、無期雇用フルタイム労働者と同一の貢献である有期雇用労働者又はパートタイム労働者には、貢献に応じた部分につき、同一の支給をしなければならない。また、貢献に一定の違いがある場合においては、その相違に応じた支給をしなければならない。」
最近の賞与は、かつての「夏1.5ヵ月、冬1.5ヵ月」のような固定的な支給ではなく、多かれ少なかれ会社業績や個人成績と連動しています。ガイドライン案では、このような形態で賞与を支給する会社は、契約社員やパート社員にも正社員と同様に貢献に応じて賞与を支給しなければならない、としています。
このガイドライン案には法的拘束力はありませんが、近い将来この案がそのまま法令に反映されれば、パート社員の比率が高い飲食業や小売業にはかなり大きな影響がありそうです。
いまや働く人の4割近くを非正規社員が占めています。社員区分によって賃金格差が固定化されている現状はテコ入れしなければいけませんが、企業の人件費も限られていますので、非正規社員の賃金を改善するためにはその分正社員の賃金を下げなければいけない理屈になります。この「聖域」に手をつけることには労組などは猛反対するでしょう。このような「パイの奪い合い」を避けるためにも、生産性向上が不可欠だとして政府は働き方改革を推進しています。われわれ社労士もこのような政労使の動きを注視していく必要があります。
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