副業や兼業、２割が容認 就業規則の策定に課題
転職サービスのリクルートキャリア（東京・千代田）は副業や兼業に対する企業の意識調査をまとめた。調査によると、約２割の企業が正社員の副業や兼業を容認していると回答した。政府は副業や兼業の「原則容認」を打ち出す方向で、企業側も対応する動きを見せるが、就業規則の策定などが遅れていることも明らかとなった。
１月６～27日にかけ、全国2000社を対象に電話調査を行い、1147社から回答を得た。
自社の社員に副業や兼業を認めるか聞いたところ、「容認している」「推進している」と回答した企業は計22.9％だった。容認・推進の理由（複数回答）を聞いたところ、「特に禁止する理由がない」が最も多く、68.7％に上った。続いて「従業員の収入増につながる」との回答が多く、26.7％だった。
ただ、副業・兼業を容認・推進している企業に就業規則などの規定があるのか尋ねたところ、68.3％が「規定自体ない」と回答した。
（2017.2.14 日本経済新聞）
このところ、副業や兼業を容認する企業が増えています。政府も同様の方針で、厚労省のモデル就業規則も副業・兼業を原則容認する方向です。そのこと自体は多様な働き方を促し、労働者の可処分所得を増やす結果になりますので、今後も推進されるべき施策ですが、見落とされがちなのが残業代の扱いです。
例えば、午前中に他社で4時間勤務している社員を、午後に自社で6時間勤務させるために雇入れた場合を考えてみましょう。労基法が定める1日の法定労働時間は8時間ですので、6時間しか勤務していない当該社員に残業代は発生しないと考える方も多いのですが、これは間違いです。
労基法第38条1項では「労働時間は、事業場を異にする場合においても労働時間に関する規定の適用については通算する」と定めています。つまり２ヵ所以上で勤務した場合でも労働時間は通算しますので、1日8時間を超えた分には原則として残業代が発生します。
このとき、他社と自社のどちらが残業代を払うかについては、(1)後から採用した会社が払う、(2)８時間を超えた場合に残業させた会社が払う、という2つの考え方がありますが、上記のケースでは(1)、(2)いずれの考え方でも、自社に残業代の支払義務があることになります。
つまり、2社勤務という形式でコンプライアンスを遵守しようとすれば、もう一方の会社の勤務時間も把握しておかなければならず、これは事務担当者にとってはかなりの負担になります。IT業界などでは、他の業種に比べて副業・兼業の容認が進んでいるようですが、おそらくフリーランスのような形式が多いと思われます。自営業は労基法上の労働者ではないため、上記の労働時間通算の考え方は適用されません。
副業や兼業の容認は今後のトレンドになりそうですが、残業代の他に機密漏洩や長時間労働のリスクもありますので、流行に飛びつく前に、自社の実態に合う制度か否か慎重に検討することが重要なのは言うまでもないでしょう。
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